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High Victorian Gothic was an eclectic architectural style and movement during the mid-late 19th century.〔Campbell, Gordon. ("Victorian style" ), ''The Grove Encyclopedia of Decorative Arts'', Oxford University Press 2006. accessed 22 June 2012 〕 It is seen by architectural historians as either a sub-style of the broader Gothic Revival style, or a separate style in its own right.〔McAlester, p. 198〕 Promoted and derived from the works of the architect and theorist John Ruskin, though it eventually diverged, it is sometimes referred to as Ruskinian Gothic.〔Garrigan, Kristine Ottesen. ("'Ruskinian Gothic: The Architecture of Deane and Woodward, 1845–1861' by Eve Blau" ), ''Journal of the Society of Architectural Historians'' , Vol. 42, No. 1 (March 1983), pp. 78–80 〕 It is characterised by the use of polychrome decoration, "use of varying texture", and Gothic details.〔 The architectural scholar James Stevens Curl describes it thus: "Style of the somewhat harsh polychrome structures of the Gothic Revival in the 1850s and 1860s when Ruskin held sway as the arbiter of taste. Like High Gothic, it is an unsatisfactory term, as it poses the question as to what is 'Low Victorian'. 'Mid-Victorian' would, perhaps, be more useful, but precise dates and description of styles would be more so."〔Curl, James Stevens. ("High Victorian" ), ''A Dictionary of Architecture and Landscape Architecture'', Oxford University Press 2006, Oxford Reference Online, accessed 22 June 2012 〕 Among the best-known practitioners of the style were William Butterfield,〔Crook, J. Mordaunt. ("'William Butterfield' by Paul Thompson" ), ''The English Historical Review'' , Vol. 89, No. 350 (January 1974), pp. 131–133 〕 Sir Gilbert Scott,〔Stamp, Gavin. ("Sir Gilbert Scott's 'Recollections'" ), ''Architectural History'' , Vol. 19, (1976), pp. 54–73 〕 G. E. Street,〔Stamp, Gavin. ("High Victorian Gothic and the Architecture of Normandy" ), Journal of the Society of Architectural Historians , Vol. 62, No. 2 (June 2003), pp. 194–211 〕 and Alfred Waterhouse. The last's Victoria Building at Liverpool University, described by Sir Charles Reilly as "the colour of mud and blood",〔Powers, p. 1〕 was the inspiration for the term "red brick university" (as opposed to Oxbridge and the other ancient universities).〔The term was coined by Edgar Allison Peers, professor of Spanish at Liverpool University, writing under the pseudonym "Bruce Truscot"; in ''Redbrick University'', 1943, he compares two fictional universities called Redbrick and Oxbridge. See: ''Oxford English Dictionary'', ("red brick, n. and adj." ), OED Online. June 2012. Oxford University Press, accessed 22 June 2012 )〕 In the 1870s, the style became popular for civic, commercial, and religious architecture in the United States, though was uncommon for residential structures.〔McAlester, p. 200〕 It was frequently used for what became the "Old Main" of various schools and universities in the late 19th century United States.〔Browning, pp. 300–301〕 The Stick Style is sometimes considered the wooden manifestation of the High Victorian Gothic style.〔McAlester, p. 256〕 ==Examples== ;United Kingdom *All Saints, Margaret Street, London. Butterfield, 1849–59 *Manchester Town Hall. Waterhouse, 1863–77 *Albert Memorial, London. Scott, 1872 *Royal Courts of Justice, London. Street, 1873–82 ;United States *Hudson River State Hospital New York *Memorial Hall (Harvard University), Cambridge, Massachusetts *New Haven City Hall and County Courthouse, Connecticut *The Miller School of Albemarle, Albemarle County, Virginia (1878-1884) 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「High Victorian Gothic」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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